diff --git a/.ci/docker-compose-file/scripts/run-emqx.sh b/.ci/docker-compose-file/scripts/run-emqx.sh
index 8f124aa63..fc61c9da1 100755
--- a/.ci/docker-compose-file/scripts/run-emqx.sh
+++ b/.ci/docker-compose-file/scripts/run-emqx.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ esac
 
 {
   echo "HOCON_ENV_OVERRIDE_PREFIX=EMQX_"
-  echo "EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s"
-  echo "EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10"
+  echo "EMQX_MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s"
+  echo "EMQX_MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10"
   echo "EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__SOURCES=[]"
   echo "EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__NO_MATCH=allow"
 } >> .ci/docker-compose-file/conf.cluster.env
diff --git a/.github/workflows/run_fvt_tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/run_fvt_tests.yaml
index 1bb0486f1..185c76be1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/run_fvt_tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run_fvt_tests.yaml
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ jobs:
             --set image.pullPolicy=Never \
             --set image.tag=$EMQX_TAG \
             --set emqxAclConfig="" \
-            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s \
-            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10 \
+            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s \
+            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10 \
             --set emqxConfig.EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__SOURCES=[] \
             --set emqxConfig.EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__NO_MATCH=allow \
             deploy/charts/${{ matrix.profile }} \
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ jobs:
             --set image.pullPolicy=Never \
             --set image.tag=$EMQX_TAG \
             --set emqxAclConfig="" \
-            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s \
-            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_ZONES__DEFAULT__MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10 \
+            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_MQTT__RETRY_INTERVAL=2s \
+            --set emqxConfig.EMQX_MQTT__MAX_TOPIC_ALIAS=10 \
             --set emqxConfig.EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__SOURCES=[] \
             --set emqxConfig.EMQX_AUTHORIZATION__NO_MATCH=allow \
             deploy/charts/${{ matrix.profile }} \
diff --git a/apps/emqx/src/emqx_mqtt_caps.erl b/apps/emqx/src/emqx_mqtt_caps.erl
index 1806ede1d..897bb93c4 100644
--- a/apps/emqx/src/emqx_mqtt_caps.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx/src/emqx_mqtt_caps.erl
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
     max_qos_allowed => emqx_types:qos(),
     retain_available => boolean(),
     wildcard_subscription => boolean(),
-    subscription_identifiers => boolean(),
     shared_subscription => boolean(),
     exclusive_subscription => boolean()
 }.
@@ -58,18 +57,17 @@
     exclusive_subscription
 ]).
 
--define(DEFAULT_CAPS, #{
-    max_packet_size => ?MAX_PACKET_SIZE,
-    max_clientid_len => ?MAX_CLIENTID_LEN,
-    max_topic_alias => ?MAX_TOPIC_AlIAS,
-    max_topic_levels => ?MAX_TOPIC_LEVELS,
-    max_qos_allowed => ?QOS_2,
-    retain_available => true,
-    wildcard_subscription => true,
-    subscription_identifiers => true,
-    shared_subscription => true,
-    exclusive_subscription => false
-}).
+-define(DEFAULT_CAPS_KEYS, [
+    max_packet_size,
+    max_clientid_len,
+    max_topic_alias,
+    max_topic_levels,
+    max_qos_allowed,
+    retain_available,
+    wildcard_subscription,
+    shared_subscription,
+    exclusive_subscription
+]).
 
 -spec check_pub(
     emqx_types:zone(),
@@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ check_pub(Zone, Flags) when is_map(Flags) ->
             error ->
                 Flags
         end,
-        maps:with(?PUBCAP_KEYS, get_caps(Zone))
+        get_caps(?PUBCAP_KEYS, Zone)
     ).
 
 do_check_pub(#{topic_levels := Levels}, #{max_topic_levels := Limit}) when
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ do_check_pub(_Flags, _Caps) ->
 ) ->
     ok_or_error(emqx_types:reason_code()).
 check_sub(ClientInfo = #{zone := Zone}, Topic, SubOpts) ->
-    Caps = maps:with(?SUBCAP_KEYS, get_caps(Zone)),
+    Caps = get_caps(?SUBCAP_KEYS, Zone),
     Flags = lists:foldl(
         fun
             (max_topic_levels, Map) ->
@@ -152,10 +150,12 @@ do_check_sub(_Flags, _Caps, _, _) ->
     ok.
 
 get_caps(Zone) ->
-    lists:foldl(
-        fun({K, V}, Acc) ->
-            Acc#{K => emqx_config:get_zone_conf(Zone, [mqtt, K], V)}
-        end,
-        #{},
-        maps:to_list(?DEFAULT_CAPS)
+    get_caps(?DEFAULT_CAPS_KEYS, Zone).
+get_caps(Keys, Zone) ->
+    maps:with(
+        Keys,
+        maps:merge(
+            emqx_config:get([mqtt]),
+            emqx_config:get_zone_conf(Zone, [mqtt])
+        )
     ).
diff --git a/apps/emqx/test/emqx_channel_SUITE.erl b/apps/emqx/test/emqx_channel_SUITE.erl
index eccb5c865..717614430 100644
--- a/apps/emqx/test/emqx_channel_SUITE.erl
+++ b/apps/emqx/test/emqx_channel_SUITE.erl
@@ -267,13 +267,14 @@ t_chan_info(_) ->
 t_chan_caps(_) ->
     ?assertMatch(
         #{
+            exclusive_subscription := false,
+            max_packet_size := 1048576,
             max_clientid_len := 65535,
             max_qos_allowed := 2,
             max_topic_alias := 65535,
             max_topic_levels := Level,
             retain_available := true,
             shared_subscription := true,
-            subscription_identifiers := true,
             wildcard_subscription := true
         } when is_integer(Level),
         emqx_channel:caps(channel())
diff --git a/changes/ce/perf-10525.en.md b/changes/ce/perf-10525.en.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b67e88289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/ce/perf-10525.en.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Reduce resource usage per MQTT packet handling.
+